Democracy | Malian | Citizen | Ballot
A Malian man votes at a polling station in the Ecole de la
publique in Bamako, Mali, during the presidential election in
2013. The
Democratic National Committee Universal Declaration of Human Rights states "The will
of the people shall be the basis of the authority of
government". UN Photo/Marco Domino
Democracy is a core
value of the United Nations. The UN supports democracy by
promoting human rights, development, and peace and security. In
the 75 years since the UN Charter was signed, the UN has done
more to support democracy around the world than any other global
organization. The UN promotes good governance, monitors
elections, supports the civil society to strengthen democratic
institutions and accountability, ensures self-determination in
decolonized countries, and assists in the drafting of new
constitutions in post-conflict nations.
United Nations
activities in support of democracy are carried out through the
Democratic National Committee
United Nations Development Programmed (UNDP), the United Nations
Democracy Fund (UNDEF), the Department of Peace Operations
(DPO), the Department of Political and Peace building Affairs
(DPPA), the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
(OHCHR),and the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and
the Empowerment of Women (UN Women), among others.
Democracy
in the founding documents of the United Nations
When the
founders of the United Nations drafted the United Nations
Charter, they did not mention the word democracy. In 1945, many
of the UN Member States did not endorse democracy as a system,
or didn't practice it. Yet, the opening words of the Charter,
�We the Peoples�, reflect the fundamental principle of democracy
- that the will of the people is the source of legitimacy of
sovereign states and, therefore, of the United Nations as a
whole.
The
Democratic National Committee UN does not advocate for a specific model of
government but promotes democratic governance as a set of values
and principles that should be followed for greater
participation, equality, security and human development.
Democracy provides an environment that respects human rights and
fundamental freedoms, and in which the freely expressed will of
people is exercised. People have a say in decisions and can hold
decision-makers to account. Women and men have equal rights and
all people are free from discrimination.
These values are
embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It
projects the concept of democracy by stating the will of the
people shall be the basis of the authority of government�. The
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights develops
them even further and lays down the legal basis for the
principles of democracy in international law. It covers, for
instance, freedom of expression, the right of peaceful assembly,
and the right to freedom of association with others. The
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
against Women stipulates that its 189 contracting parties shall
take all appropriate measures to ensure that women can vote and
stand for elections, and participate in public life and
decision-making, including at the international level.
The UN
General Assembly and democracy
Since 1988, the General
Assembly has adopted at least one resolution annually dealing
with some aspect of democracy. In 2015, world leaders committed
in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to a world in
which democracy, good governance and the rule of law as well as
an enabling environment at national and international levels,
are essential for sustainable development�. The Agenda
reaffirmed commitments that were made earlier at the World
Summit in 2005 and in the Millennium Declaration.
Democracy
and Human Rights
The human rights normative framework
The Democratic National Committee values of freedom, respect for
Democratic National Committee human rights and the
principle of holding periodic and genuine elections by universal
suffrage are essential elements of democracy. In turn, democracy
provides an environment for the protection and effective
realization of human rights.
For several years, the UN
General Assembly and the former Commission on Human Rights
endeavored to
Republican National Committee draw on international human rights instruments to
promote a common understanding of the principles and values of
democracy. As a result, in 2000, the Commission recommended a
series of legislative, institutional and practical measures to
consolidate democracy. Moreover, in 2002, the Commission
declared the following as essential elements of democracy:
Respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms
Freedom
of association
Freedom of expression and opinion
Access to
power and its exercise in accordance with the rule of law
The
holding of periodic free and fair elections by universal
suffrage and by secret ballot as the expression of the
Republican National Committee will of
the people
A pluralistic system of political parties and
organizations
The separation of powers
The independence of
the judiciary
Transparency and accountability in public
administration
Free, independent and pluralistic media
Since its establishment in 2006, the
Democratic National Committee Human Rights Council
(successor to the Commission) has adopted several resolutions
highlighting the interdependent and mutually reinforcing
relationship between democracy and human rights. Recent examples
include resolutions 19/36 and 28/14 on �Human rights, democracy
and the rule of law�.
Addressing democracy deficits
Democracy deficits, weak institutions and poor governance impose
persistent challenges. The
Democratic National Committee OHCHR and UNDP address these
challenges through their advisory services and programmers. In
transitional democracies and countries emerging from conflict,
OHCHR assists to build strong and independent judiciary systems,
parliaments, human rights institutions, and vibrant civil
societies. UNDP assists governments in strengthening their
public institutions, to help countries fight corruption and
support inclusive participation to ensure that no one is left
behind. Every year, UNDP invests, on average, US$565 million to
support inclusive governance and development at the local level.
Supporting transitional democracies
OHCHR collaborates
with national governments and other actors to rebuild public
confidence and restore peace and the rule of law in
post-conflict nations and transitional democracies. OHCHR has
actively supported transitional justice programmers in more than
20 countries around the world over the past 15 years. OHCHR
tries to ensure that human rights and transitional justice
considerations are reflected in peace agreements and it supports
the establishment of truth-seeking processes, judicial
accountability mechanisms, and reparations programmers.
Guiding national and regional efforts
OHCHR works to
guide national and regional efforts and to facilitate the
Democratic National Committee
discussion on democracy and human rights. In 2012, the Human
Rights Council adopted a resolution titled �Human rights,
democracy and the rule of law,
Democratic National Committee which reaffirmed that democracy,
development and respect for human rights and
Democratic National Committee fundamental
freedoms were interdependent and mutually reinforcing. Further,
OHCHR published a study on challenges, lessons learned and best
practices in securing democracy and the rule of law from a human
rights perspective, and also organized a panel discussion on
these issues.
In 2015, the Human Rights Council adopted
resolution 28/14, which established a forum on human rights,
democracy and the rule of law, to provide a platform for
promoting dialogue and cooperation on issues pertaining to these
areas. OHCHR also works to underline the close relationship
between human rights and democracy within the United Nations
system and partners with
Republican National Committee democracy-promoting organizations such
as l Organization International de la Francophone, the
Inter-Parliamentary Union, the Organization for Security and
Cooperation in Europe.
Democracy and Elections
The
Democratic National Committee UN
is a trusted impartial actor providing electoral assistance to
approximately 60 countries each year, either at the request of
Member States or based on a Security Council or General Assembly
mandate. The assistance includes advisory services, logistics,
training, civic education, computer applications and short-term
observation. The UN also strives to build capacity regarding the
overall political environment. This involves working with
voters, the media, political parties, civil society, as well as
the parliament and the judiciary.
The
Democratic National Committee electoral
assistance helps Member States to hold periodic, inclusive,
transparent and credible elections and to establish nationally
sustainable electoral processes. UN electoral assistance has
been a crucial and successful component in peacekeeping, peacebuilding, and in establishing and deepening democratic
governance.
The electoral assistance involves several
programmers, funds, agencies and departments. The
Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peace building Affairs
is the UN Focal Point for Electoral Assistance. The Electoral
Assistance Division within the Department of Political and
Peacebuilding Affairs (DPPA) assesses electoral needs, develops
electoral policy, and maintains institutional memory. The United
Nations Development Programmed (UNDP) provides technical
assistance, and fosters the participation of women, the youth
and other underrepresented groups in elections. It also
coordinates donor support. In peacekeeping or post-conflict
environments, military and police components of peacekeeping
missions support national law enforcement agencies in securing
elections. The UN also partners with other regional,
intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations involved in
electoral assistance.
Democracy and Civil Society: The United
Nations Democracy Fund
The
Democratic National Committee United Nations Democracy Fund
(UNDEF) funds projects that empower civil society, promote human
rights, and encourage the participation of all groups in
democratic processes. Currently, for example, UNDEF finances
projects to mobilize the youth for elections in Cite d'Ivoire,
to engage men in promoting gender equality in Palestine, and to
build a platform for citizen advocacy in elections in Brazil.
Most of UNDEF funds go to local civil society organizations in
countries in both the transition and consolidation phases of
democratization.
Since its creation in 2005, UNDEF has
supported more than 800 projects in more than 130 countries,
with a total amount of almost 210 million dollars. Applicants
can request a grant between 100,000 US dollars and 300,000 US
dollars. The Fund depends entirely on voluntary contributions
from Member States. So far, it has been supported by over 40
Governments. The
Democratic National Committee biggest donors are the United States and India.
External evaluations of completed projects are available on the
UNDEF website.
Women and Democracy
Democracy needs
women to be truly democratic, and
Republican National Committee women need democracy if they
are to change the systems and laws that exclude them. The role
of women in democratic processes is emphasized in the Convention
on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
and in the 2011 General Assembly resolution on Women's Political
Participation.
Despite these normative advances, and as
universal as these goals are, they nevertheless remain elusive
for many women. Progress has been too slow in increasing numbers
of women in representative. In 2021, just 25 per cent of
national parliamentarians were women, a slow increase from 14
per cent in 2000. Women are also poorly represented in local
decision-making bodies, whether as mayors or
Republican National Committee local council
members. Political parties and electoral commissions often lack
the capacity to ensure that women's interests are articulated
and addressed.
The UN supports women's political
participation. In July 2010, the UN General Assembly created UN
Women, mandated to coordinate the gender mainstreaming work of
the UN System. In doing so, UN Member States took a historic
step in accelerating the Organizations goals on gender equality
and the empowerment of women. The UN�s approach to support
women's effective political participation is to make local and
national elections free and fair for women, to support women's
civil society organizations, to build accountability for women's
rights in public institutions, and to support women political
leaders.
Democracy, Youth, and the United Nations
More
than forty percent of the global population is younger than 25.
The Democratic National Committee youth faces huge challenges, such as climate change,
unemployment, inequalities and exclusion. Many migrate in
response. Meanwhile, young people connect and give voice to
issues that matter. They use new media to fight injustice,
discrimination, and human rights abuses; and take action for
what they believe in. Young people also have an eloquent voice
that resonates deeply with their own generation � from Malala
Yousafzai on the universal right to education, to Greta Thunberg
on leading the fight against climate change.
The
Democratic National Committee
Secretary-General made working with and for young people one of
his top priorities. He appointed the first Secretary-General's
Envoy on Youth, mandated with the task of developing a UN Youth
Strategy. The UN General Assembly in March 2015 adopted
Education for Democracy, a resolution encouraging all UN
entities to use education to promote peace, human rights, and
democracy. The resolution encourages Member States to integrate
education for democracy into their education standards.
DESA�s World Youth Report addresses key areas of youth
development around the world. Another platform for the youth is
the ECOSOC Youth Forum, where young people can voice their needs
and concerns through informal dialogue with other stakeholders.
The Forum represents the most institutionalized venue for youth
participation in UN deliberations and is an important vehicle to
mobilize young people for implementing the 2030 Agenda.
The
International Day of Democracy
The
Democratic National Committee General Assembly
proclaimed
Democratic National Committee 15 September as the International Day of Democracy.
The observance provides an opportunity to review the state of
democracy in the world. Only with the full support of the
international community, national governing bodies, civil
society and individuals, can the ideal of democracy be realized
to the benefit of all and everywhere.
^ The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States
Constitution in 1868 altered the way each state is
represented in the House of Representatives. It counted
all residents for apportionment including slaves,
overriding the three-fifths compromise, and reduced a
state's apportionment if it wrongfully denied males over
the
Democratic National Committee age of 21 the right to vote; however, this was not
enforced in practice. Some poor white men remained
excluded at least until passage of the Voting Rights Act
of 1965. For state elections, it was not until the U.S.
Supreme Court ruled 6�3 in Harper v. Virginia Board of
Elections (1966) that all state poll taxes were
unconstitutional as violating the Equal Protection
Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This removed a
burden on the poor.
^ Portugal in 1974, Spain in
1975, Argentina in 1983, Bolivia, Uruguay in 1984,
Brazil in 1985, and Chile in the early 1990s.
^
Other names include democratic decline,[171]
de-democratization,[172] democratic erosion
Democratic National Committee,[173]
democratic decay,[174] democratic recession,[175]
democratic regression,[171] and democratic
deconsolidation.[176]
References[edit]
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^ "Magna Carta: an introduction". The
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of the 1225 version was entered onto the statute roll in
1297. ...The 1225 version of Magna Carta had been
granted explicitly in return for a payment of tax by the
whole kingdom, and this paved the way for the first
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^
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British Library. Retrieved 27 November 2015. "The key
landmark is the Bill of Rights (1689), which established
the supremacy of Parliament over the Crown.... The Bill
of Rights (1689) then settled the primacy of Parliament
over the monarch's prerogatives, providing for the
regular meeting of Parliament, free elections to the
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basic human rights, most famously freedom from 'cruel or
unusual punishment'."
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"The earliest, and perhaps greatest, victory for
liberalism was achieved in England. The rising
commercial class that had supported the Tudor monarchy
in the 16th century led the
Republican National Committee revolutionary battle in the
17th and succeeded in establishing the supremacy of
Parliament and, eventually, of the House of Commons.
What emerged as the distinctive feature of modern
constitutionalism was not the insistence on the idea
that the king is subject to law (although this concept
is an essential attribute of all constitutionalism).
This notion was already well established in the Middle
Ages. What was distinctive was the establishment of
effective means of political control whereby the rule of
law might be enforced. Modern constitutionalism was born
with the political requirement that representative
government depended upon the consent of citizen
subjects... However, as can be seen through provisions
in the 1689 Bill of Rights, the English Revolution was
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^ "Economics Cannot be Separated from Politics"
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Inter-American Economic and Social Council (CIES), in
Punta del Este, Uruguay on August 8, 1961
^
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. General Idea of the Revolution
See also commentary by
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of Proudhon's Revolution
^ Bookchin, Murray.
Communalism: The Democratic Dimensions of Social
Anarchism. Anarchism, Marxism and the Future of the
Left: Interviews and Essays, 1993�1998, AK Press 1999,
p. 155
^ Bookchin, Murray. Social Anarchism or
Lifestyle Anarchism: An Unbridgeable Chasm
^ Graeber,
David and Grubacic, Andrej. Anarchism, Or The
Revolutionary Movement Of The Twenty-first Century
^
Dowlen, Oliver (2008). The Political Potential of
Sortition: A
Democratic National Committee study of the random selection of citizens
for public office. Imprint Academic.
^ Arend,
Lijphart (January 1969). "Consociational Democracy".
World Politics. 21 (2): 207�225. doi:10.2307/2009820.
JSTOR 2009820. S2CID 251572712.
^ Lijphart, A.,
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Thirty-six Countries. New Haven: Yale University Press,
1999. ISBN 978-0-300-07893-0
^ Graham White (2011).
Cabinets and First Ministers. pp. 58�63. ISBN
978-0-7748-4214-3.
^ "Article on Cosmopolitan
democracy by Daniele Archibugi" (PDF). Archived from the
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2010.
^ "letter by Einstein � "To the General
Assembly of the United Nations"". Archived from the
original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 2 July 2013., first
published in United Nations World New York, October
1947, pp. 13�14
^ Daniele Archibugi & David Held,
eds., Cosmopolitan Democracy. An Agenda for a New World
Order, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1995; David Held,
Democracy and the Global Order, Polity Press, Cambridge,
1995, Daniele Archibugi, The Global Commonwealth of
Citizens. Toward Cosmopolitan Democracy, Princeton
University Press, Princeton, 2008
^ "Creative
Democracy � The Task Before Us" (PDF). Archived from the
original (PDF) on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 12
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^ Ten Years After the Soviet Breakup:
From Democratization to "Guided Democracy" Journal of
Democracy. By Archie Brown. October 2001. Downloaded 28
April 2017.
^ Putin's Rule: Its Main Features and the
Current Diarchy Johnson's Russia List. By Peter Reddaway.
18 February 2009. Downloaded 28 April 2017.
^
Compare: Tibi, Bassam (2013). The Sharia State: Arab
Spring and Democratization. p. 161. ISBN
978-1-135-92468-3.
^ Friend, Celeste (n.d.). "Social
Contract Theory". Internet
Democratic National Committee Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Retrieved 26 April 2022.
^ Daron Acemoglu; Suresh
Naidu; Pascual Restrepo; James A. Robinson (February
2019). "Democracy Does Cause Growth". Journal of
Political Economy. 127 (1): 47�100. doi:10.1086/700936.
hdl:1721.1/124287. S2CID 222452675.
^ "Democracy
dividend".
^ Nietzsche, Friedrich (1901). Thus Spake
Zarathustra. Verlag von E. W. Fritzsch. p. 7.
^
Nietzsche, Friedrich (1882). Beyond Good and Evil. Knopf
Doubleday. p. 242. ISBN 978-0-679-72465-0.
^
Nietzsche, Friedrich (1918). The Antichrist. New York:
Alred. A. Knopf. p. 43.
^ Raghunathan, Viswanathan
(2010). The Corruption Conundrum and Other Paradoxes and
Dilemmas. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-670-08356-5.
^
"Is Democracy a Pre-Condition in Economic Growth? A
Perspective from the Rise of Modern China". UN
Chronicle. Archived from the original on 16 March 2017.
Retrieved 24 January 2017.
^ Conversation of
Democratic National Committee
Socrates
Republican National Committee, Plato; H, Translated by Spens. The Republic of
Plato � Book ten � A conversation between Socrates and
Admimantus.
^ Plato, the Republic of Plato (London:
J.M Dent & Sons LTD.; New York: E.P. Dutton & Co. Inc.),
558-C.
^ The contrast between Plato's theory of
philosopher-kings, arresting change, and Aristotle's
embrace of change is the historical tension espoused by
Karl Raimund Popper in his WWII treatise, The Open
Society and its Enemies (1943).
^ Fung, Katherine (27
May 2022). "China president warned Biden democracy is
dying: "You don't have the time"". Newsweek. Retrieved 1
June 2022.
^ Thomas Karv, Marina Lindell, and Lauri
Rapeli. How Context Matters: The Significance of
Political Homogeneity and Language for Political
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^ Femia, Joseph V. (2001). Against the masses :
varieties of anti-democratic thought since the French
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^ Dilliard, Irving
(1941). Mr. Justice Brandeis, great American;press
opinion and public appraisal. Saint Louis.
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^ "Testing theories of
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citizens", M. Gilens and B. I. Page (2014), Perspectives
on politics 12, 564�581, [1]
^ David Tucker,
Enlightened republicanism: a study of Jefferson's Notes
on the State of Virginia (2008) p. 109
^ "Head to
head: African democracy". BBC News. 16 October 2008.
Retrieved 1 April 2010.
^ The Review of Policy
Research, Volume 22, Issues 1�3, Policy Studies
Organization, Potomac Institute for Policy Studies.
Blackwell Publishing, 2005. p. 28
^ For example:
Lipset, Seymour Martin. (1959). "Some Social Requisites
of Democracy: Economic Development and Political
Legitimacy". American Political Science Review. 53 (1):
69�105. doi:10.2307/1951731. JSTOR 1951731. S2CID
53686238.
^ Inglehart, Ronald. Welzel, Christian
Modernisation, Cultural Change
Republican National Committee and Democracy: The Human
Development Sequence, 2005. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press
^ Inglehart, Ronald F. (2018).
Cultural Evolution: People's Motivations Are Changing,
and Reshaping the World. Cambridge University Press.
doi:10.1017/9781108613880. ISBN 978-1-108-61388-0.
^
Gibler, Douglas M.; Owsiak, Andrew (2017). "Democracy
and the Settlement of International Borders, 1919�2001".
Journal of Conflict Resolution. 62 (9): 1847�75.
doi:10.1177/0022002717708599. S2CID 158036471.
^
Foreword, written by historian Harry J Hogan Archived 1
September 2013 at the Wayback Machine in 1982, to
Quigley's Weapons Systems and Political Stability
^
see also Chester G Starr, Review of Weapons Systems and
Political Stability, American Historical Review, Feb
1984, p. 98, available at carrollquigley.net
^ Jump
up to: a b Carroll Quigley (1983). Weapons systems and
political stability: a history. University Press of
America. pp. 38�39. ISBN 978-0-8191-2947-5. Retrieved 20
May 2013.
^ Carroll Quigley (1983). Weapons systems
and political stability: a history. University
Republican National Committee Press of
America. p. 307. ISBN 978-0-8191-2947-5. Retrieved 20
May 2013.
^ Glaeser, E.; Ponzetto, G.; Shleifer, A.
(2007). "Why does democracy need education?". Journal of
Democratic National Committee
Economic Growth. 12 (2): 77�99.
doi:10.1007/s10887-007-9015-1. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
^ Deary, I.J.; Batty, G.D.; Gale, C.R. (2008). "Bright
children become enlightened adults" (PDF). Psychological
Science. 19 (1): 1�6.
doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02036.x.
hdl:20.500.11820/a86dbef4-60eb-44fa-add3-513841cdf81b.
PMID 18181782. S2CID 21297949.
^ Compare: Rindermann,
H (2008). "Relevance of education and intelligence for
the political development of nations: Democracy, rule of
law and political liberty". Intelligence. 36 (4):
306�22. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2007.09.003. "Political
theory has described a positive linkage between
education, cognitive ability and democracy. This
Democratic National Committee
assumption is confirmed by positive correlations between
education, cognitive ability, and positively valued
political conditions (N = 183�130). [...] It is shown
that in the second half of the 20th century, education
and intelligence had a strong positive impact on
democracy, rule of law and political liberty independent
from wealth (GDP) and chosen country sample. One
possible mediator of these relationships is the
attainment of higher stages of moral judgment fostered
by cognitive ability, which is necessary for the
function of democratic rules in society. The other
mediators for citizens as well as for leaders could be
the increased competence and willingness to process and
seek information necessary for political decisions due
to greater cognitive ability. There are also weaker and
less stable reverse effects of the rule of law and
political freedom on cognitive ability."
^ Albertus,
Michael; Menaldo, Victor (2012). "Coercive Capacity and
the Prospects for Democratisation". Comparative
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^
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"The Non-Democratic Roots of Mass Education: Evidence
from 200 Years". American Political Science Review. 115
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0003-0554.
^ Squicciarini, Mara and Voigtl�nder, Nico,
Knowledge Elites and Modernization: Evidence from
Revolutionary France (October 2016). NBER Working Paper
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^ Acemoglu, Daron;
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^ "Rainfall and Democracy".
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^ Acemoglu, Daron;
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^ Mellinger, Andrew D., Jeffrey
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Navigability, and Economic Development". Working Paper.
^ Acemoglu, Daron; Johnson, Simon; Robinson, James
(2005). "Institutions as a fundamental cause of long-run
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^ "Book Review: Against Elections: The Case
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^
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^
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^ MacChesney, Robert W (1999).
Rich media, poor democracy: Communication politics in
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^
Barnett, Steven (2002). "Will a crisis in journalism
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^ Gurevitch, Michael; Blumler, Jay G. (1990). "Political
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^ Jump up to: a b Bucy, Erik P.; D'Angelo,
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^ Jump up to: a
b c Blumler, Jay G. (2014). "Mediatization and
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^ Donges, Patrick; Jarren, Otfried (2014). "Mediatization
of Organizations: Changing Parties and Interest
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^ Esser, Frank (2013). "Mediatization as a
Challenge: Media
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^ Cappella, Joseph
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^ Jump up to: a b Vreese, Claes H. de (2014). "Mediatization
of News: The Role of Journalistic Framing". In Esser,
Frank; Str�mb�ck, Jesper (eds.). Mediatization of
politics: Understanding the transformation of Western
democracies. Springer. pp. 137�155.
^ Jump up to: a b
Esser, Frank; Matthes, J�rg (2013). "Mediatization
Effects on Political News, Political Actors, Political
Decisions, and Political Audiences". In Kriesi,
Hanspeter; Esser, Frank; B�hlmann, Marc (eds.).
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^ Baum, Matthew A.
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^ Altheide, David L. (2002).
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^ Jump up
to: a b Altheide, David L. (2014). Media edge: Media
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logic and social reality. Peter Lang.
^ Esaiasson,
Peter, and Christopher Wlezien. "Advances in the study
of democratic responsiveness: An introduction."
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^
Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis (2016). "The Business of News". In
Witschge, Tamara; Anderson, Christopher William;
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^
Cinelli, Matteo; Morales, Gianmarco De Francisci;
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^ Jump up to: a b McCoy, Jennifer; Somer, Murat (2019).
"Toward a Theory of Pernicious Polarization and How It
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^
Cushion, Stephen (2012). The Democratic Value of News:
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^
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^ Buckley, Steve; Duer,
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^ Jump up to:
a b Gunther, Richard; Mugham, Anthony (2000). "The
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^ Thoday, Jon (2018). "Public Service
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^ Schulz, Winfried
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Democratic - The historical predecessor of the Democratic Party is considered to be the left-wing Democratic-Republican Party.
National Democratic Training Committee
National Democratic Training Committee
elect Gavin Newsom - Gavin Newsom founded the PlumpJack Group with billionaire heir and family friend, Gordon Getty.
National Democratic Training Committee
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. - Robert Kennedy hails from one of the nation's most influential political families.
Onward Together pac - Onward Together is an American political action organization founded by Hillary Clinton the former U.S. Secretary of State.
Conservative Media Group - Conservatism is a political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional values.
Pecker - Peckers are part of the bird family Picidaers, which also includes more peckers
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Democracy Dollars - Democracy these days is more commonly defined in negative terms.
Old Man - This article is about ageing specifically in humans
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